![]() The team also studied the details of the splash itself, particularly how it evolves and what forces play a role in creating it. Any larger and the forces quickly increase, while smaller, sharper angles saw almost no change in force. This transition was found on wedges with a 70-degree angle. “But there is a transition from really impactful entry to kind of smooth entry where you don’t see almost any rise in the impact force.” As you turn the plate into a wedge and start decreasing its angle, then you start decreasing the impact force,” Kanso said. “If a flat plate is thrown into water broadside on, that’s very harsh, there is a big impact force. They found that by changing just this angle, they were able to minimize impact. Using 3-D printed plastic wedges, they examined how the angle of the beak affects the impact force as it hits the surface of the water. Wanting to know how they are able to sustain such an impact, Kanso decided to start at the head of the problem, or in this case, the beak. “Sunny was mostly interested in the biodynamics of the neck because, if you think about it, they’re diving at such high speeds and the most vulnerable part of the body is the neck.”įor instance, the Cape gannet, a large seabird from South Africa, enters the water at speeds of 60 miles per hour, reaching depths up to 40 feet to capture its prey. We were inspired by these birds,” said Kanso, Zohrab A. “We performed a very detailed study of the impact forces on a wedge that enters water.
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